Histories of Reconstruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Accounts of Reconstruction - Essay Example DuBois 1910 paper Reconstruction and Its Benefits. The juxtaposition of these two stories exhibits the outrageous gap that existed between the view of whites and the real factors of life for the blacks. By the 1890s, many white accepted the best way to control the supposed brutality of blacks was through viciousness itself. Despite what might be expected, and as this examination will illustrate, whites utilized amazingly fierce types of viciousness against African Americans. The whites didn't just control the supposed African Americans inhumanity yet additionally made an atmosphere of dread to oppress the blacks. Despite the fact that not all white took an interest straightforwardly in savagery against blacks, records from these accounts point to that local people barely put forth attempts to forestall the violations. The film birth of a country, convincingly passed on the possibility that Reconstruction fizzled in light of the fact that blacks were not the equivalents of white and were not cultivated enough to partake in the vote based procedure. The portrayal of, Birth of a country, is centered around the Klan families. It follows from the earliest starting point of servitude through Reconstruction and how it influenced the Klan. In the film, the Blacks assume control over the town in its governmental issues and unleash destruction on the Klan, whites of the town. The characters are utilized to depict certain subjects emblematically and work up sentiments identified with this period in American history. The white men in the film are the saints that radiate the ethics of the old south. They likewise show the expert Klan characters that are attempting to build up request once more. The Black Americans in the film are delineated as the scalawags in the Reconstruction South who is out to degenerate and control the White characters. Be that as it may, Du Bois introduced a completely unique perspective on Reconstruction. In contrast to Griffith, Du Bois found the dark American to the protected show of 1867 to be truly skilled. These blacks were dynamic in conversations at the show and utilized their

Airplane accidents causes and prevention Research Paper

Plane mishaps causes and avoidance - Research Paper Example The improved avionics activities empowered the airplane to go on broadened flights which it didn't before this Act on the grounds that there were more mishaps in the mid nineteenth century and no point by point examination was performed. Be that as it may, it is as yet essential to comprehend what the primary driver of plane mishaps are and what steps can be taken to improve the flying with the goal that air mishaps can be stayed away from. Regularly, it is the human mistake that causes crashes (Mello et al., 2008). In some cases, the pilots are experienced because of which they get pompous and will in general be imprudent. For instance, coming up short on fuel while the plane is on flight is an aftereffect of human imprudence when he imagines that he has enough to travel to the goal. There are a great deal of issues while flying that may request more gas than expected. This makes the pilot power landing which is not the slightest bit out of risk. McCormick and Papadakis (2003, p.4) express that there are a ton of reasons that prompt airplane segments to fall flat and become a reason for plane mishap. Either there is a flaw in the assembling of a specific part or more burden than expected has been put on it that makes it breakdown. The structure may have been inadequately planned in order to animate pressure fixations which bring about weariness breakdown (McCormick and Papadakis). The creators attest that: Any airplane flying can be destroyed by pulling back hard on the wheel at an unnecessary speed and in this manner creating loads surpassing a definitive qualities for which it was structured. A pilot may fly through serious disturbance, similar to a thunder storm, in this way causing high loads (p.4). It might happen that the airplane configuration is with the end goal that a normal pilot thinks that its difficult to work it. The controls might be inappropriately positioned inside the cockpit improving the likelihood that the pilot erroneously gives an off base control input. Mechanical parts like gearboxes and couplings may

15 Signs That You Are a Psychology Major

15 Signs That You Are a Psychology Major October 14, 2019 Marc Romanelli/Getty Images More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers Do you ever think that psychology majors might be just a little different than other students? Are there certain characteristics that set you apart? Probably so. Signs That Youre a Psychology Major Here are 15 sure-fire signs that you are a psychology major: People think you are a mind reader. When you tell people what you are majoring in, they ask if you can read their mind.You spend more time on APA format than any other  subject. Your edition of the APA publication manual is dog-eared and the pages are filled with yellow highlighter marks.All of your friends seem to have undiagnosed psychological conditions. You have tried to diagnose yourself and your friends with mental disorders. During your abnormal psychology class, you found yourself constantly discovering new symptoms that explained why your friends behave the way they do.You utilize behavioral training to solve everyday problems. You once used operant conditioning to train your roommate to stop leaving his dirty laundry on the floor in your apartment.You can’t stop psychoanalyzing everyone in your life. You are pretty sure that your academic advisor has an oral fixation â€" he’s always chewing on something, be it a pen, his fingernails, or a stick of gum.You spend more tim e in the library than you do in your dorm room. You are an old pro at writing APA  papers and lab reports. Introduction, method, results, discussion â€" you know the parts of a psychology paper like the back of your hand.You are known as the listener in your social group. All of your friends come to you for advice and you love being able to help. You truly do enjoy listening to people talk about their problems, trying to figure out why they think and behave the way they do, and coming up with solutions that might help.You have used the phrase correlation does not equal causation more times than you care to admit. You also find yourself critiquing  news articles that your friends share on Facebook because they constantly seem to confuse correlation with causation.Psychology experiments are a lot more interesting now. When you volunteer for a psychology study, you find yourself trying to figure out what the independent and dependent variables are and what the researchers hypothesis mi ght be.You can tell the difference between ?negative reinforcement and punishment â€" and you get really frustrated when people confuse the two. Which is great, because Ive even heard many graduate students say that they are still not 100% clear on some of the major behavioral concepts such as reinforcement, punishment, the unconditioned stimulus, and many other important terms.You often find yourself having to define psychological terms to your friends and family because you keep using them in daily conversations. And you are starting to think that psychology should be a required class for all students, not just psychology majors. After all, wouldnt the world be a better place if everyone had a better understanding of the human mind and behavior?Whenever you hear the word nature, the word nurture immediately pops into your head. You also have a much deeper appreciation for how these two forces interact to influence many different aspects of development.When you meet someone new, yo u immediately assess which stage of psychosocial development they are in and how well they are coping with the primary conflict at that stage. You also tend to evaluate which stage of psychosexual development they might be stuck in or whether or not they ever progressed to the formal operational stage of cognitive development.You have a dog named Pavlov, a cat named Thorndike, and a rat named Skinner. Doesnt everyone name their pets after their favorite theorists?  Youre no longer terrified of statistics. You understand what significance levels, t-tests, standard deviations, and z-scores are. That doesn’t mean you enjoy statistics, however. You definitely still hate statistics.

Global Financial Crisis Essay - 2233 Words

The Global Financial Crisis that occurred in 2008 and crippled every major economy was not an accident; it was caused by an unregulated and uncontrolled financial industry. Decline of Real Estate Value The financial crisis is considered to have its roots in the United States where there was an increase in loan losses for subprimes. Banks were lending money to people that did not have the capability to maintain a regular repayment schedule. Homeowners only had the ability to pay the interest on their mortgage and never pay the actual principle amount. When the interest rate began to increase, homeowners could no longer afford the interest payments required. Housing prices began to fall and debtors found that they could no longer afford†¦show more content†¦The biggest issue since the Great Depression was to continue regulating the financial sector to avoid the same crisis that the United State had just suffered. However, for regulations to be implemented effectively, it was crucial that it was well designed; even then there was a possibility that it might not work. Greed and vested interest are likely to hijack the politics of regulation design. In the 1980’s the financial industry exploded. Investment banks went public giving them the ability to get additional funds from stakeholders to spend. Investing companies began to become richer and more powerful than ever before. When Ronald Reagan became President of the United States, a 30-year financial deregulation began with the support of economists and financial lobbyists. The Regan administration began to deregulate savings and loan companies, allowing them to make riskier investments with depositors’ money . Hundreds of saving and loan companies failed in their investments and in the end of the decade declared bankruptcy. The memories from the earlier great Depression began to diminish and the government stated that the marketplace must be set free. This led to the precautionary rules to be scrapped. Together with looser lending standards for other kinds of consumer credit, this led to a radical change in American behavior. A New Era After the major failure of many savings and loansShow MoreRelatedThe Global Financial Crisis And The Crisis Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Global Financial Crisis, also known as The Great Recession, broke out in the United States of America in the middle of 2007 and continued on until 2008. There were many factors that contributed to the cause of The Global Financial Crisis and many effects that emerged, because the impact it had on the financial system. The Global Financial Crisis started because of house market crash in 2007. There were many factors that contributed to the housing market crash in 2007. These factorsRead MoreGlobal Financial Crisis1408 Words   |  6 Pagesis explained the occurrence of the global financial crisis in 2008. It has shown that lots of companies have bankrupted and millions of people lose their jobs and homes around the world. Such as United States, Iceland, England, France, Singapore and China. There is a sentence in this film has make me impressed, which is â€Å" the poorest always pay the most.† The director has separated this film into five parts, which are How we get there, The Bubbles, The Crisis, Accountability and Where we are nowRead MoreGlobal Financial Crisis 20083250 Words   |  13 Pages1. Introduction Shah (2010) stated that the global financial crisis which has been brewing for a while has really started to show its effects in the middle of 2007 and into 2008. It started with the default of the subprime housing loans in the United States when its housing bubble burst. It caused a great impact across the globe that first struck down major financial institutions, first in United States and then in Europe, that were directly exposed to the mortgage default risk. After theRead MoreThe Cause of Global Financial Crisis3137 Words   |  13 Pagesâ…   the causes of global financial crisis 1〠Boom and burst in the housing market Low interest rates and large inflows of foreign funds created easy credit conditions. Subprime lending contribute to increase the housing demand.This fueled rising house prices.This housing bubble resulted in quite a few homeowners refinancing their homes at lower interest rates. This led to a building boom. Easy credit encouraged borrowers to obtain ARM. If borrowers could not make the payments ,they would try toRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis1580 Words   |  7 PagesIn the following essay, I will briefly summarize some of the main events leading up to the global financial crisis. Following this, I will discuss the effect this had on the banks and ergo the credit supply, then examine how this contributed to the corporate failure. I will also pay some attention to how the market imperfection can affect firms real decisions. Finally, I will sum up the main points of the essay. The banking panic of the fall of 2008 set economies around the world into a severeRead MoreGlobal Financial Crisis By The Wall Street Crisis959 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this report is to study Global Financial Crisis 2008.This study is inspired by the Wall street crisis and it covers why’s and after effects of the crisis. After this crisis many of the roots causes were observed like speculation, fragility of the system, greed of the managers which adversely affected the market. The global financial crisis of 2008 is a major ongoing financial crisis, the worst of its kind since the Great Depression (The Great Depression originated in the United StatesRead MoreGlobal Financial Crisis 1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe best evidence so far for the existence of an American empire, despite denials to the contrary, is the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). The persistent removal of restrictions and oversights on the domestic financial system of the US, combined with the decision s of individual firms, other governments and foreign financial organisations, culminated in the singe largest depreciation of assets and currency valuations in history, surpassing even the Great Depression in its extents. The United StatesRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Of The Usa1383 Words   |  6 PagesThe recent global financial turmoil started on July 2007 ,mainly in the USA and spread among developed nations in the later part of 2008 and subsequently shifted to the developing nations .this crisis consisted of some prime drawbacks not only for the developed countries but also for developing countries .the most talked about issue in the recent financial arena in the global financial crisis ,which started to show its effect in the middle of the year 2007.the turmoil ,however ,was rooted in theRead MoreGlobal Financial Crisis: Causes and Effect4067 Words   |  17 PagesIntroduction The financial crisis that began in 2007 spread and gathered intensity in 2008, despite the efforts of central banks and regulators to restore calm. By early 2009, the financial system and the global economy appeared to be locked in a descending spiral, and the primary focus of policy became the prevention of a prolonged downturn on the order of the Great Depression. The volume and variety of negative financial news, and the seeming impotence of policy responses, has raised newRead More The Global Financial Crisis Essay3569 Words   |  15 Pages1. Introduction 1.1. Background The Financial crisis was triggered in 2006 when US housing market began to crumble as the housing price reached their highest point after years of speculative price increase; many house owners defaulted on their loans, particularly subprime mortgagers (Archarya et al., 2009). Starting in mid-2007, the outburst of US housing bubble in the subprime mortgage leads to the global financial crisis that has been often so called ‘Great Recession’ (Verick and Islam, 2010)

Comparison of Lord Of The Flies by William Golding ,The...

Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, quot;The Lotteryquot;, by Shirley Jackson, quot;The White Circlequot;, by John Bell Clayton and quot;The Vigilantequot; by John Steinbeck all share the theme of mans inherent evil. Lord of the Flies takes place on an island in the Pacific ocean during an atomic war, and there is no adult supervision. quot;The Lotteryquot; takes place in a small farming community in the present day. quot;The White Circlequot; is set in the turn of the century Virginia on a Large farm. quot;The Vigilantequot; takes place down south in a town with strong racist beliefs. Jack from Lord of the Flies is an insecure boy who leads a group of savages through injustice and violence. The Townspeople in quot;The†¦show more content†¦Cut his throat! Spill his bloodquot; P.138).In particular the evil of the character is also present in the towns people when they brutally stone Tess out of tradition. (quot; ‘It isn’t fair’ she said. A stone hit her on the side of the head.quot;P.301). To further illustrate the characters evil Tucker shows his transition into a dangerous killer after constant torment. (quot;I was lying there with a towering homicidal detestation, planning to kill Anvil.quot;P.34). Also when Mike lynches the black man he is now getting a positive feeling from his crime. (quot;Makes you feel kind of cut off and tired, but kind of satisfied tooquot;P.140). The inherent evil of man and society portrayed through the characters are present in these examples and shows how evil isn’t always visible. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The setting influences the inherent evil of man because it set the mood for the characters behaviors. The unsupervised island played a major role in the decay of civilization and the return to primitiveness. (quot;This is an island. At least I think its an island. Perhaps there aren’t any grownups anywhere.quot; P.7). For the Townspeople the time of year for the lottery is an uneasy time where a great deal of suspense builds up all around them. (quot;the feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them.quot;P.291). All tucker needed to end

Dorian Gray Essay Free Essays

The Picture Of Dorian Gray Essay There are certain aspects of Dorian Gray’s personality that make me think he is schizophrenic, such an example is multiple personalities. In the beginning of the story, Dorian was a young, attractive boy with cunning wit and a semi-feminine charm. It was just an ordinary day and all of the sudden, Dorian meets Basil Howard. We will write a custom essay sample on Dorian Gray Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Infatuated with his good looks, the beauty of Dorian hit Basil like a Mata bus. As Basil began painting a picture of Dorian, he met Lord Henry, a close companion of Basil and he too was struck by Dorian in a different way. He had interests of studying him instead of admiring him. Finally, Basil finishes the picture and in the first two chapters of the book and in one paragraph, you have met three contributions of Dorian’s conscience: the painting, Lord Henry Wotton, and Basil Howard. The painting was an obvious representation of Dorian’s conscience in my opinion because as his soul grew weaker, as did his conscience. As Dorian aged, he became evil and he never thought for himself, he either adopted Lord Henry’s views or Basil’s. Dorian clearly listened to Lord Henry more because in the long run, he became evil. â€Å"It had, perhaps, served often as a pall for the dead. Now it was to hide something that had a certain corruption of its own, worse than the corruption of death itself– something that would breed horrors and yet would never die† (Wilde 122). According to the bible, your soul is immortal and I think Dorian is expressing this in his thoughts. In this quote, Dorian wants to cover up his conscience and his soul to avoid listening to it. The portrait represents his constant nagging conscience and bad decisions he has made in the past. Lord Henry and Basil Howard were the good angel (Basil) and bad angel (Lord Henry) on Dorian’s shoulder. Lord Henry always tried to speak aphorisms and spoke of himself as a higher power, such as: â€Å"My dear boy, no woman is a genius. Women are a decorative sex. They never have anything to say, but they say it charmingly. Women represent the triumph of matter over mind, just as men represent the triumph of mind over morals† (Wilde 51). Lord Henry was always trying to force his opinions into Dorian’s head and the sad thing was, he ate every word and practiced it in his life. Lord Henry represents the bad angel/conscience and it was also the side he listened to more often than any other. On the other hand, Basil represents the good angle/conscience. Throughout the book, Basil always tried to steer Dorian in the right direction. Dorian looked up to Basil in the beginning but, as his infatuation became stronger with Lord Henry, the respect dwindled and Dorian listened less and less. The prayer of your pride has been answered. The prayer of your repentance will be answered also. I worshiped you too much. I am punished for it† (Wilde 162). Even in a time of horror, Basil stood behind Dorian and tried to help him in a hard situation but, Dorian did not listen and turned to the dark side when he said: â€Å"Each of us has Heaven and Hell in him, Basil! † (Wilde 161). Dorian had finally shut the door on his good conscience and killed him within minutes. In Dorian Gray, Oscar Wilde is telling his readers it is harder to follow the better side of your conscience. There are many temptations to do the right and the wrong thing and this story is an example of when you always make the wrong choices. The ending of this story also showed the final bad decision when a change is presented right in front of you and yet the weak character still follows a bad influence. Wilde is teaching us a lesson in life, to always follow your heart as you take in bad and good influences. Works Cited Wilde, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. New York: Barnes Noble, 2003. How to cite Dorian Gray Essay, Essays

PMU Salon Spa (Business Plan)

Executive Summary PMU Salon and Spa will be aimed at providing the female students within the university a wide range of salon and spa services. The firms’ spa will be devoted towards providing the customers with holistic services with regard to body work, massage, and energy work. These services will be offered in a relaxing setting. With regard to the salon, the firm will offer a wide range of treatments such as hair and nail treatments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on PMU Salon Spa (Business Plan) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Its location within the university will provide convenience to the female students in an effort to improve their physical appearance and well being. The firm will offer a wide range of salon and spa products so as to satisfy the customers. This is inline with its customer focus strategy. In addition, the firm will ensure that it offers personalized services to the customers in order to ensure that the customers receive a unique customer experience. This arises from realization of the fact that attainment of customer satisfaction plays a vital role in enhancing repeat purchase behavior amongst the consumers. Additionally, the firm will create an atmosphere that is conducive for promoting unique customer experience. This will be achieved by inclining all its strategies towards the customer which means that the firm is customer oriented. To achieve its customer focus objective, the enterprise will effectively formulate its marketing strategies. One of the main marketing strategies that the firm will be concerned with is pricing. The pricing strategy will be formulated in such a way that it addresses the customers’ price sensitivity considering that most of them are students and they do not have a source of income. The firm will also maintain a fair and friendly environment. The firm will ensure that its employees are highly qualified so as to offer q uality services. Company Description PMU Salon and Spa will operate as a private limited company within Prince Mohammed bin Fahad University. The Salon and Spa will be strategically located within the University’s sports center. In order to attract a large number of customers, the management team will ensure that it has qualified personnel. This will contribute towards provision of expert services. Considering that different individuals have different tastes and preferences, the firm will ensure that it offers diverse salon and spa services. All the firms operations will be customer centric which means that the firm will primarily focus at the customer. To achieve this, the entrepreneurs will conduct a comprehensive research in the University to determine the most preferred products and services. According to Green (2001, p.7), every firm should have a mission statement which illustrates its purpose of existence. The firm’s mission will be to offer services with the ob jective of enhancing their customer’s physical beauty and mental relaxation. The firm will be committed at ensuring that its clientele is satisfied.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is inline with the firm’s value proposition which will be guided by the need to offer unique relaxation and a sense of fulfillment. The resultant effect is that the firm will be able to motivate the customers to develop a sense of physical, mental and emotional balance. Some of the core aspects which will guide the firm include improving the customers’ beauty, appearance, health and well being. In order to establish a strong customer relationship, the firm will offer personalized services. This will play a vital role in creating a strong bond with the customers. It is the objective of the management team that effective provision of services will contribute towards the fir m attaining a substantial clientele base. Additionally, the salon and spa will be well designed so as to appeal to the customers. By the end of the first financial year, the firm intends to be established as a beauty and well being destination within the University. Industry analysis On a global scale, the salon and spa industries have witnessed a rampant growth over the past few decades. This arises from the large number of firms in the industry. The industry is composed of a wide range of enterprises ranging from small, medium to large enterprises. As a result, the global salon and spa industry is concentrated. The concentration in the industry has arisen from the high rate at which investors are venturing into the industry. For example, in the Middle East countries such as Saudi Arabia, the high rate of concentration arises from the fact that salons and spas are also being incorporated by firms in the hospitality industry such as hotels within their business structures. Despite t he high level of industry concentration, the industry is very lucrative. This is evidenced by the high rate at which the industry is growing. Salons and Spas in Saudi Arabia have become very innovative in their operation. Currently, the Saudi salon and spa industry is worth a number of billions of Riyals. This growth was experienced since the beginning of the millennium. The Saudi Arabian salon and spa industry is undergoing a double digit growth rate every year. The high growth rate is associated with the high rate of economic growth experienced in Saudi Arabia. Currently Saudi Arabia ranks as the largest economy within Middle East.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on PMU Salon Spa (Business Plan) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the 2008-2009 economic crises, the industry’s performance was not adversely affected in most countries as indicated by the salon/spa performance index. The index has a stea dy-state level of 100 points. If the performance index is above 100, it indicates that the industry is expanding. On the other hand, if the index is below 100, it is an indicator that the industry is contracting. In 2010, the industry witnessed a significant expansion as a result of increased in customer traffic. During the 4th quarter of 2010, the salon/spa performance index increased with a margin of 0.5% to reach its all time high of 103. Salon/spa owners expect that the industry will experience a significant growth in the future as a result of increment in retail sales (Professional Beauty Association, 2010, p.1). Market analysis Prior to venturing the market the entrepreneur has appreciated the importance of undertaking a market research in the success of the firm. The research will be focused at a number of market variables which include the consumer, market size, market trends and competition. The consumer market research will be aimed at understanding the consumers’ n eeds so as to determine the market potential. The firms core target customers are the individual consumers. Identifying the customers will make it possible for the firm to offer products and services which meet their requirements. The research will also enable the management team understand the consumers decision making process. As a result, it will be possible to formulate marketing strategies that influence their buying process. Findings of a market research conducted in Saudi Arabia revealed a change amongst Saudi Arabian consumer behavior with regard to beauty, personal health and wellness. Over the past years, Saudi Arabia’s culture has been very strict with regard to dress code especially amongst women. However, this is changing in the 21st century whereby individuals are increasingly developing a desire to look and feel being at their best despite the restrictions. A large number of consumers especially women are spending a significant amount of their money on improvin g their appearance. This has played a vital role in the transformation of the salon industry in Saudi Arabia. The industry is providing the ladies an opportunity to transform their appearance in a number of ways such as through modern styles and hair color. The desire to change appearance amongst women in Saudi Arabia is seasonal. Changing appearance is usually a mark of a life changing event for example when one is entering college.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the rate at which women are entering into the job market is relatively high. Young women are advancing their education to 2nd and 3rd level. Most of the salons and spas in Saudi Arabia especially those located in Riyadh and Jeddah are reporting that most of their clients are university students and graduates. The high rate at which young women are entering universities located in different provinces indicate that there is a high market potential. Additionally, women are also being employed which means that their disposable income will increase in the future. Another trend which is evident in the market arises from increased utilization of the internet. Most individuals especially college and university students are searching for information regarding beauty from the internet and other media. This has made them to be sophisticated with regard to beauty in their consumption patterns. They are increasingly demanding more salon and spa services other than the local fashions . This has significantly strengthened the markets for salon specialists such as that of hair stylists. This has been raised to a different level as a result of change in attitude towards beauty and health. A study by International Spa Association conducted in 2010 on the global salon and spa market revealed that spa and salon owners experienced a 46% increment in the volume of short term treatments. The most common form of short term treatment sought included manicure touchups. Currently, salons and spas are not a preserve of the super-rich. Even individuals with lower income have become conscious towards self-care. However, they are currently seeking less expensive services which fit their budgets. One of the sectors which have gained prominence over the past few years is the medical spa salons. These enterprises offer both spa and salon services. Baby boomers and the young women have increased their demand for these services. Product Design and Development In an effort to deliver unique customer experience, the firm will help the customers be relieved of their stress. The company shall stress on originality, quality and constancy of service. The firm will differentiate its products and services offering from those of its competitors located within the University by ensuring that it employs qualified personnel. Additionally, the firm will also train its employees on how to relate with its customers. The resultant effect is that the firm will be able to offer quality services. The salon and spa will be designed in such a way that it can accommodate 14 workers at full capacity. This will enhance the firm’s opportunity to serve its customers efficiently. The firm will diversify its product and services offering by integrating different spa and salon products which will be aimed at meeting the customers’ beauty and appearance needs. Marketing plan Marketing has undergone a significant transformation over the past decades. However, one of the most cr itical factors which firms should consider in their marketing practices is marketing value (D’Angelo, 2010, p.216). To be effective, firms should identify the consumers’ needs and wants. Upon identifying the customers’ needs, a comprehensive plan should be devised so as to determine the most effective ways of opportunities presented in the market. Market targeting As the entrepreneur, it will be ensured that the consumers’ needs and wants are satisfied. To achieve this, the firm will integrate the concept of market targeting. The firm’s core target market will include the female students aged between 19 to 26 years within Prince Mohammed bin Fahad University. The University has a substantial number of female students whose age range between 19 to 26 years. In addition, these students are more concerned with their beauty and physical appearance. Considering the fact that the university is composed of female students from different background, the fi rm will ensure that the needs of the specific customer category are met. Marketing mix In an effort to effectively penetrate the market, the firm will incorporate the concept of marketing mix. This will ensure effective formulation of marketing strategies to be used in the marketing plan. The four components of the marketing mix which include price, promotion, distribution and product will be taken into account. This arises from the fact that they affect the effectiveness with which a firm penetrates the market. Products To be successful a firm should offer products or services which effectively meet the prevailing market demand. In an effort to increase its customer base, the firm will offer a wide range of unique spa and salon services. This will be achieved by ensuring that the firm has all the necessary equipments for the operation of a spa and salon. This will increase the probability of a large number of customers being attracted to the firm. The equipments to be fitted includ e barber chairs, bowls, shampoo bowls, dryers, dryer chairs, hair processors, hair steamers, heat lamps, facial beds, facial bed machines, facial accessories, light therapy, waxing and paraffin, stone massage, manicure tables, mats, massage beds and tables, pedicure spas and tubs, salon irons, blow dryers, salon stools, shampoo chair, backwashes, spa/Vichy/hydrotherapy, styling hydraulics, styling stations and tanning booths. Some of the equipments range from basic managerial equipments like computers, office supplies, phones, cash registers, and appropriate furniture. The products which the firm will offer are listed in the table below. Swiss reflex massage A therapeutic massage performed on the feet Indian head massage -Working along certain points of the head to ensure that there is frees flow of prana (body’s energetic life force) Thailand massage A stretching and deep massage which does not require use of massage oil. It is performed while the client is on the flo or. Pedicure and manicure -Pedicure- Treating the toenails and the feet superficially using cosmetics treatment of the -Manicure- Cosmetic treatment of finger nails to improve their beauty. Hair treatment Oil hair mask -A form of treatment on hair using oil to correct any damages that have occurred as a result of other forms of treatment. Vitamins hair mask Treating the hair using a complex of vitamins such as vitamin A, E, B3,H, B8 so as to nourish the hair and protect the scalp skin. Herbs mask Treating the body using herbs which aid in body detoxification, tone the skin, remove muscle and joint pain Hair curling Creating curly hair styles Hair coloring -Changing the color of the hair depending on the customers’ preference. Nail sculpting Constructing a new nail over an already existing nail- for example if the nails are damaged. Waving Nail polishing Applying a nail varnish on fingernails and toe nails to protect them and to improve their appearance. Body waxing Removing the body hair from their roots Skin cleansing Removing backlog of body waste from the skin. Pricing strategy The entrepreneur appreciates the fact that determining the price of a product or service is a vital component that will ensure that its products and services are priced moderately in an effort to meet the needs of the consumers (Greene, 2011, p.45). The firm’s core target customers include the female students. Most of these students do not have a source of income. However, they depend on their guardians for their necessities. In order to be effective in its pricing strategy, the firm will utilize penetration pricing strategy. Baker (2011, p.66) defines penetration pricing strategy as a strategy which entails setting the price of the firm’s product and services at a low point compared to the competitors. To be effective in its pricing strategy, the firm will conduct a competitor market research to determine how other salons and spas lo cated around the university price their products and services. However, the pricing strategy will ensure take into account the cost of providing the products and services. In determining the price points, the firm will also incorporate the concept of psychological pricing strategy. This strategy entails setting the price at a point which influences the emotions of the customers. The table below illustrates the price of the products offered by the firm in Saudi Riyal. Product Price in Saudi Riyal (SAR) Swiss reflex massage 105 Indian head massage 105 Thailand massage 105 Pedicure manicure 25 25 Oil hair mask 55 Vitamins hair mask 55 Herbs mask 60 Hair curling 85 Hair coloring 150 Nail sculpting 75 Nail polishing 75 Body waxing 105 Skin cleansing 90 Promotion strategy Product and service awareness is the initial level which promotes a consumer to purchase a product. The firm will put effort to ensure effective creation of market awareness. A comprehens ive market communication program will be integrated. The program will entail both traditional and emerging market communication strategies. The traditional promotion mix which the firm will use includes public relations, advertising, personal advertising, and sales promotion. In launching the firm, the management team will organize a concert within the university. The concert will be aimed at creating awareness on the products and services offered within the spa and salon amongst the students. During the first day, the firm will also conduct sales promotion by offering some of its services such as manicure and pedicure free to individuals who will participate in the salon and spa opening event. In order to reach a large number of students within the university, various mediums will be used in the firm’s advertising campaign. These include print media such as magazines and posters. The firm will post adverts in the university’s newsletter. The posters will be elected at strategic positions within the university such as the universities pavements leading to the lecture . This will enable a large number of customers to access the information. The firm will also ensure that it has employees who have effective interaction and interpersonal skills in addition to their qualification. This will play a vital role in creating an effective customer relationship. The firm will also incorporate public relations campaigns. This will be achieved by sponsoring the university beauty contests. For example, the firm will offer the beauty pageants free services such as hair styling. This will play a vital role in strengthening its relationship with its customers. Considering the growth in technology, the firm will make use of emerging market communication technologies. One of the technologies which the firm will incorporate is the internet. To achieve this, the firm will develop a website through which it will post information regarding the products and services it offered at the salon and spa. Through the internet, the firm will be able to undertake direct advertising effectively considering the fact that university students visit the internet more often in their effort to search information. Web 2.0 will also be integrated to enhance sharing of information and to build and online community. Additionally, the firm will also enter into a contract with search engines such as MSN and Yahoo. The contract will ensure that information regarding its products and services is posted on the homepage. The firm will also incorporate emerging social communication networks such as Blogs, Wikis, Facebook, and You Tube. The social networking tools such as Wikis, Facebook and Blogs will give customers an opportunity to interact with the firm’s management team. In addition, consumers will be able to air their complaints and complement. The interaction will culminate into creation of a strong customer relationship. Place Place refers the ability of custo mers to access the product more easily. This is achieved through a number of ways such as opening outlets to distribute the product. In their distribution strategy, firms use different distribution strategies which include both direct and indirect methods. However, distribution of a service is different. This is due to the fact that it is difficult to separate the place from the service provider. With regard to salon/spa business, an entrepreneur should ensure that there is a high degree of convenience. To ensure that the salon is easily accessible, the salon will be located next to the University’s sports center. This will enable the customers to easily access the salon and spa. Decision to locate the salon and spa at this location was considered after consideration of the traffic around the area. Additionally, convenience will also be attained by ensuring that the salon/spa is customer oriented. One of the ways through which this will be ensured is by emphasizing on the con cept of affordability. Financial projections In its financial plan, it is the objective of the firm to initiate and maintain the various factors that lead to creation, increasing and stabilizing a firm’s cash flow. In developing the financial plan, it is assumed that the firm will access the required equity capital. Additionally, it is assumed that there will be no economic crash which has the effect of reducing the firm’s target market consumption patterns. A comprehensive research was conducted to determine how the salon will be started. A number of financial projections regarding the firm’s operations have been made. Upon its establishment, it is expected that the firm’s sales will be relatively low. However, the firm projects its sales to increase every month with a significant proportion for the first four months upon its establishment. After some time the sales will stabilize and then increase again. The chart below illustrates the firm’s sal es forecast for the first 12 months of its operation. Figure 1: Table showing the Elegant PMU Salon/Spa sales forecast Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sales in SAR (000) 600 680 780 780 780 770 770 770 770 800 850 900 Figure 2:  Firm’s pro forma income statement amount in SAR Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Sales revenue 900,000 1, 800,000 2,200,000 Total cost of sale 500,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 Gross profit 360,000 700,000 800,000 Expenses Payroll 160,000 180,000 190,000 Sales and marketing expenses 40,000 45,000 50,000 Rent 120,000 120,000 120,000 Insurance 12,000 12,000 12,000 Utilities 9,000 9,000 9,000 Payroll taxes 23,000 24,000 24,000 Total operating expense 364,000 390,000 405,000 Profit before interest and tax 36,000 41,000 595,000 Tax incurred (3,000) 0 10,000 Net profit 39,000 41,000 585,000 Pro forma balance sheet The firm has a well formulated balance sheet which makes it possible to meet its debt obligation. Year 1 Amoun t in SAR Year 2 Amount in SAR Yea Amount in SAR r 3 Assets Current assets Cash Inventory Total current assets 85,000 55,000 140,000 400, 300 107,000 507,300 800,000 120,000 920,000 Total long term assets 0 0 0 Total assets 140,000 507,300 920,000 Liabilities and capital Accounts payable Current borrowing Subtotal current liabilities Total liabilities 62,000 0 0 62,000 106,450 0 0 106,450 115,800 0 0 115,800 Paid-in capital Retained earnings Earnings Total capital 160,000 (94,000) 9,800 75,800 160,000 (84,000) 325,000 401,000 160,000 240,000 415,000 815,000 Total capital and liabilities 137,800 507,450 930,800 Net worth 75,800 401,000 815,000 Firms projected cash flow analysis Considering the fact that the firm operates as a luxury business, the firm will required to have an initial amount of money to cover its operations. After its inception, it is expected that the firm will have a continual cash flow to meet its milestones. The firm has incorporated the concept of electronic commerce. As a result, it will be possible for consumers to pay using credit cards. Use of electronic commerce will enable the firm address diversity in consumers’ payment methods. The resultant effect is that the firm will be able to maximize on its profits. Item Year 1 Amount in SAR Year 2 Amount in SAR Year 3 Amount in SAR Cash received Cash from operation Cash sales 900,000 1,800,000 2,000,000 Total from cash operations 900,000 1,800,000 2,000,000 Other cash received Sales tax VAT received 0 0 0 Current borrowings 0 0 0 Other liabilities 0 0 0 New long-term liabilities 0 0 0 Sale of other current asset 0 0 0 Sales of long term assets 0 0 0 Investment received 0 0 0 Total cash received 900,000 1,800,000 2,000,000 Expenditures Operation expense Year 1    Year 2 Year 3 Cash spending 160,000 170,000 175,000 Payment on bill 630,500 1,200,000 1,400,000 Total on operation 790,000 1,370,000 1,575,000 Oth er cash spending Sales tax VAT paid 0 0 0 Principal paid on current borrowing 0 0 0 Additional liabilities on principal payment 0 0 0 Principal payment –long term liabilities 0 0 0 Purchases on other current assets 0 0 0 Purchase of other long term assets 0 0 0 Dividends 0 0 0 Total on operation 790,000 1,370,000 1,575,000 Net cash flow 110,000 430,000 425,000 Problem solved by the firm’s products and services Findings of a research conducted revealed that female students are within Prince Mohammed bin Fahad University are increasingly being concerned with their beauty and wellbeing. In their quest to achieve this, they are increasing their consumption of salon and spa products. The salon and spa will ensure that the female students and their female relatives achieve their requirements by supplying them with different salon and spa products. According to Jordan, it has become a routine amongst female consumers to patronize spas and salons for professional treatments such as hair treatment, manicure, facials and pedicure (2008, p.354). To alleviate their aches and pain, female consumers are patronizing spas for various body treatments such as massage. PMU salon and spa will ensure that the female consumers within the university receive these products more effectively. Solution In order to ensure that the customers are satisfied, PMU salon and spa will be well equipped to with salon and spa facilities. Some of these facilities include steam baths, therapies such as crystal healing, and saunas. As a result, it will be possible for the firm to provide the customers with the required beauty and well being needs. In addition, the firm will also ensure that quality services are offered by hiring professionals with regard to beauty and wellbeing. Opportunity and Target market The salon and spa will target the female students aged between 19 to 26 years within the university. This arises from the fact that the demand for salon an d spa services amongst these customers is relatively high. As a result, there is a high probability of the salon succeeding in this market. By offering quality services to these customers, there is a high probability that they will refer their female relatives to this facility. This presents an opportunity for the salon and spa to increase its customer base. Therefore, setting up a salon and spa within Prince Mohammed bin Fahad University is very feasible since there is an opportunity for future growth. Competition Prior to entering the market, entrepreneurs are required to conduct a competitor analysis. According to Sandlin (2010, p.50), the analysis is aimed at determining the number of competitors operating in the target market. The firm’s management team will conduct a competitor analysis. The analysis will be aimed at determining the competitor’s strengths and weaknesses. This will enable the firm to relate to its weaknesses and strengths. The resultant effect is that the firm will identify gaps which it can capitalize on. The firm will face intense competition from other salons located around Prince Mohammed bin Fahad University. Findings of a market research conducted revealed that there are a number of salons and spas located within the university’s vicinity. These firms have been in the industry for a number of years. In addition, the salons and spas have diversified their product and services offering. For example, they offer salon and spa products females. This means that the salon and spa will be faced by direct competition. Considering that they have been in operation for a number of years, they have gained substantial recognition. Despite the intensity of competition, the firm intends to attain a high competitive edge by offering unique services. Coupled with its strategic location, there is a high probability of the firm attracting most of the female students from within the university who had been customers to these salons and spas. This arises from the fact that customers store loyalty is determined by its proximity to the customers’ place of residence, work or school. Through provision of a holistic and integrative salon and spa, the firm will enhance creation of a strong customer satisfaction and trust. Marketing and sales The firm will ensure that it is effectively positioned as the top spa-salon within the university. According to Porter, effective market positioning can contribute towards a firm improving its competitive edge. This is due to the fact that it’s positioning acts as a defense against its competitors. Prior to its establishment, the entrepreneur took into consideration a number of key success factors. The core factors considered include location, environment, reputation, and convenience. The firm is effectively located in an area with a substantial population of females. The firm will also provide an environment that is relaxing. A high degree of convenience will be en sured through provision of a wide range of salon and spa products and services. In collaboration with the employees, the management team will ensure that the marketing activities are undertaken effectively by offering personalized services. Management team The firm will be effectively managed in an effort to enhance customer satisfaction. Effective organization will also be aimed at creating an environment conducive for working and employee development. This is inline with the firm’s management philosophy which entails respecting the employees and the customers. In its operation, the firm will have a management team composed of two key personnel’s who include the founder of the firm and the vice president. The founder of the firm will act as the Chief Executive Officer. He will be charged with the responsibility of overseeing the overall operations of the firm. This means that it is his responsibility to ensure that all activities are undertaken effectively and efficie ntly. On the other hand, the vice president will be charged with the responsibility of ensuring that all the administrative functions are smooth. For example, he will ensure that the employees are in good relation. Additionally, he will be charged with the responsibility of overseeing other activities such as marketing, and public relations. Initially, the firm will operate with a human resource base of 17 employees. The employees will be organized into two departments which include the salon and the spa. The spa will have a 1 nail specialist, 1 energy therapist and 3 massage therapists while the salon will have a total of 10 stylists and a receptionist. Each department will have its own receptionist. Current status Currently, the firm is in the process of formulating it operational strategies. The firm is also seeking for investors who can assist in lending financial capital to the firm. In addition, the firm has also posted an advert in the local dailies as the initial recruitment drive. Financial sought The entrepreneur has estimated the set up capital to be SAR 700,000. The firm’s core source of startup capital is from investors. The firm will seek financial capital from investors who intend to venture into the industry by lending their money to the entrepreneur. In return, the investors will receive a return on the amount advanced. The interest rate will be relatively higher than the rate offered by banks. In summary, it is expected that the firm’s plan will attract investors to invest in the business. This is due to the fact that there is a high probability of the business having high returns. Reference List Baker, R. (2011). Implementing value pricing: a radical business model for professional  firms. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. D’Angelo, J. (2010).Spa business strategies: a plan for success. Clifton Park, N.Y: Milady Cengage Learning. Green, M. (2001). Salon management. London: Thompson Learning. Greene, C. (2011). Entrepreneurship. Mas on, OH: Cengage Learning. Jordan, T. (2008). Vancouver: the complete residents’ guide. Dubai: Explorer Publishing. Professional Beauty Association. (2010). Salon/Spa performance index gained 0.5% in  the first quarter amid rising sales and and customer traffic level. PDF File. Web. Sandlin, E. (2010). Start your own hair salon and day spa: your step by step guide to  success. New York: Entrepreneur Press. This essay on PMU Salon Spa (Business Plan) was written and submitted by user Maginty to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.